Culture Challenges Faced My Multinational Organization Commerce Essay

Such an averment could be demonstrated accepting about Hofstede ‘s social measurements hypothesis. Worldwide organizations are regularly associations running in extra contrasted with one section. Organizations get into overall market areas with the goal that they can build their product net as needs be climbing their ain total compensations, get more affordable way to acquire common stuffs each piece great as elevate their bit of the market. ( Ajami and Godard, 2006 ) .Nonetheless, these organizations face contesting of making a consistent what's more complete association progress. Firm convention depicts structures, values furthermore methods of get offing encounters which produce through the historical backdrop of the company and in this manner are trailed by the entirety of the partners of the association ( Johnston 2008 ) . This impossible to miss creating shows how Hofstede ‘s social measurements hypothesis portrays the human advancement separation between the two re presentatives through differing states around the universe. It in this manner is strongly the contention how worldwide associations experience the method sing building firm what's more comprehensive association convention. At long last, this gives existent life occurrences on this issue. Hofstede ‘s social measurements hypothesis shows the rivalries Multinational associations defy with inside get offing powers through various progress. He did an incredible IBM study research overview trying to demo an all-inclusive sort thinking individuals from arranged different civic establishments around the universe are probably going to contrast in sixs components of significant worth. These measurement incorporate Bolshevism, power, uncertainness dismissing, worldly direction, maleness and guilty pleasures ( Johann 2006 ) iâ »? . Such a hypothesis exhibits that the force separation lists quantifies the evaluation of which significantly less ground-breaking members in a transnational organization acknowledgment and most likely envision capacity to be appropriated to the individuals each piece. On the off chance that the human advancements in an impossible to miss state is only support low force separation, likely the development of intensity dealingss in an association w ill be likely be warning and equitable ( Onsurd 2007 ) . Consequently, staff would interface with each other since compares to regardless of their curious conventional spots. On the off chance that the human advancement of a section has a more powerful separation, so the representatives inside a transnational concern may concede power dealingss that are domineeringly and paternalistic. Such a shows that when worldwide associations use staff from collection of national civilisations, they will face questioning sing building up the strong and comprehensive convention because of intensity separation file. Such a standard besides puts the development of a furnished state on the file related with Individual versus Collectivism. At the point when the organization will be from the express that standards individual picture, it ‘s going to pressure single achievements and individual lawful security under the law of their workers. Representatives related with such a worry are required t o pick its affiliations ( Johnston 2008 ) . In the event that the part is from the collectivized human progress, laborers would without a doubt move as partners of a characteristic crew. Moreover, this impossible to miss rule puts the unconventional human advancement of various states around the universe in an element of strong gathering. Moreover the entirety of this idea puts the human advancements of arranged states in an element of uncertainness dismissing record. The entirety of this file ‘s steps the evaluation of which individual from the general public exertion to pull off tension by take bringing down any hurt that they will confront.If the staff is from a state with a high uncertainness dismissing, they can shaded passionate in the entirety of their assurance ( Turner each piece great as Western 2010 ) . They will at any point maintain a strategic distance from each piece great as limit situations along together using new and exceptional condition of affairss. In add -on to this, they do their duties actually cautiously, systematically, adequate ground for adequate getting ready, ensuing Torahs and laws of the advanced network. On the off chance that the staff had been coming by means of states with low uncertainness dismissing indexs, representatives will be comfortable all through unstructured fortunes or perhaps adjusting situations since they simply stick to guidelines which they find suitable. Also, these people will in general be matter-of-certainty and will simple summary changes. The finishing up measurement of the hypothesis will be for some time run direction contrasted with Short-run direction. In the event that the staff had been from a section that ‘s since a long time ago run arranged, they would completely think read progressively about the long count wagess, proceeding with solitary capacity to suit to the earth. On the off chance that the powers is truly from the momentary direction state, they are making a trip to pay tak ing care of the impossible to miss convictions identified with old what's more current, for example, proficient robustness what's more worth sing house ‘s designs ( Peipenburg 2011 ) . In the total drawings of this develop, clearly universal organizations defy a lot of a clump for additional employments in building an association human progress in light of the fact that varying states have various civic establishments. There are a few articulations which could back up the incontestable obvious world in light of the fact that worldwide concerns use representatives from a grouping of national human advancements, they will stand up to more occupations in building up an association convention contrasted with locally established states do. Inside side transnational organizations, staff speaks with individuals from various rivalries what's more human advancements. It may be difficult to build up such an association that is acknowledged each piece great as perceived by all the developments ( Burek 2010 ) . This is on the grounds that a signifier of discussion that ‘s endorsed in one human advancement could be viewed as unsavory with inside another development. Besides, the existent semantic correspondence related with imparting between the staff might be varying since they originate from assorted states. Worldwide organizations may work out this test sing conveying development only by bearing about every one of their laborers on one terminology they would do use of for association imparting. ( Wiseman and Shuter 1994 ) . Another worry which worldwide associations experience in light of staff through arranged states is global course. The executive ought to deliver decisions with various state ‘s imposts furthermore values ( Mead 2005 ) . The work Torahs of this state may set up a particular least rewards and along these lines the existent executive ca n't pay the existent earnings for the association ‘s representatives that are under bound set by the work fellowship. It may be other than difficult to sort out run of the mill rules that are fit through staff coming by means of grouped human advancements. The transnational concern could work out such a test related with overall removal by course representatives coming by means of various civic establishments on the regulating strategies and methods how the organization is venturing out to be taking on. Besides, it sho uld teach representatives various way habits in various states all together that they develop to be insightfully different and henceforth can work in assorted states. ( Gooderham and Nordhaug 2003 ) . It ‘s other than a test with the goal that it can carry on worldwide selling in universal organizations in light of the fact that the representatives will in general be coming through various states in this way they ‘ve grouped developments. This is on the grounds that varying states have arranged sorts of investigating customer wonts what's more making statistical surveying ( Okazaki 2012 ) . Also, various states target grouped classs of buyers and have arranged ad strategies. Because of this world, it may be difficult to carry on overall selling and notice. Global organizations can simple redress this issue just by creating workers about advertising plan they are to see contemplating the market of the express that they ‘re convey oning their ain tasks in ( Czinkota and Ronkainen 2007 ) . There are a few existent life occasions demonstrating the rivalries the worldwide organizations face after they utilize staff through arranged civic establishments. Fitting to the exploration, in the twelvemonth 1994, Peugeot Engine Party put resources into Guangzhou and lost around $ 362.5 million dollars cash in simply a whole of three mature ages only in light of the fact that they did non achieve intercultural administering influencing representatives through China and France. It was brought about by the reality the existent outcast executives are non mourn on understanding the custom sing China ( Wang 2009 ) . The benefit of understanding the human advancements of army states might be demonstrated by the demonstrated certain idea that Walt Disney ‘s Donald duck gives devoted to Japan where it really is known as Tokyo, Japan Disney Land. The record for the accomplishment of the organization is the way that it was keen on understanding the existent human advancement of the i ndividuals with inside Japan and went in front so it can utilize the existent social qualities with the Japanese ‘s individuals with inside their activities ( Miroshnik 2000 ) Dell Company experienced issues all through enlisting laborers in India since they had differing calling closes and social qualities with inside the association ( Hitt and Hoskisson 2009 ) . Moreover, the examination demonstrated that individuals in Japan would hold no activity puting in a cleanser or conditioner product using a picture of Nipponese misss yet fpeople with inside Russia would hold a vocation buying this impossible to miss same hair wash with all the misss picture. It would thusly force the existent selling executives with inside Russia to change their exceptional commercial schemes.DecisionTo reason, it is evident that just because of the reality global organizations us

Marketing plans of pamper baby diaper Essay

An effective advertising is the capacity of an organization to execute plans for origination, dispatch, evaluating, advancement, and circulation of an item or administration to fulfill both; the objective customers’ needs just as organization’s objectives. Along these lines, dealing with the market of an item requires critical dynamic concerning recognizing the objective market, surveying its situating in the psyches of shoppers, planning reasonable estimating strategy, and guaranteeing accessibility of the item to all the client sections. Our destinations are to reconstruct the brand and addition more prominent piece of the overall industry. we recommend that the organization should complete more advancement as opposed to dropping the cost. The manners in which utilized are by promoting through various mediums so as to make customers’ brand mindfulness and steadfastness towards our items and to expand our business volume. For the principal year, Procter and Gamble will concentrate on serious promoting where Pampers can call attention to their uncommon highlights, uses and favorable circumstances comparative with contending brands. Over the long haul, Procter and Gamble are additionally wanting to agree with emergency clinics where specialists and attendants are urged to utilize our items for new conceived babies. With this, we can by implication draw in parents’ consideration and this prompts quality persuading and brand reliability all through all the phases of children development, be it with doctors’ exhort or simply sharing stories among different guardians. The 4-Level of Prizes is another advancement methodology that we are unequivocally persuaded on. Clients are physcologically headed to continue purchasing Pampers’ items so as to collect focuses and recover prizes. In the perspective on item advancement, we Pampers will improve our items by offering a more extensive scope of sizes, thicker in breath and eco cordial diapers. For instance, because of the expansion in the customer’s familiarity with the earth, Pampers will advertise green diapers where every product offering is created to the phase of a child toddler’s life appropriately. In spending sense, Pampers is contributing expanding benefit to Procter and Gamble by arriving at benefit up to USD 5369 million in year 2008. This number later moved up to USD 5471 million of every 2009 and USD 5736 million out of 2010. By this, we accept we can develop our business and more prominent investor and partner an incentive by carrying advancements to the commercial center that can overhaul the expectations for everyday comforts of buyers at all monetary levels. Activity PROGRAMS Item (What will be finished?) Advancement on thicker diapers with aroma will be finished. Since pee and movement make terrible smells, Pampers scientists suggested that diapers accompany fragrance and thicker in expansiveness to ingest substantial spillages with no scent for extended periods. A greater scope of size decisions will likewise be offered to take care of the issue of restricted sizes accessible in market to fit all infants in each stage. Likewise, we are offering eco amicable diapers whereby these green diapers can be cleaned effectively and recycable. Cost (What will be finished?) Spoils must set sensible costs dependent on its proposed creation cost on material utilized. Additionally, Pampers need to lead reference valuing, which is ever-mindful of what costs their rivals are offering in the market. In the event that the costs set is higher than consumer’s desire, purchasers will be bound to go to the competitors’ items. Spot (what will be finished?) Items ought to be put at noticeable stores to make clients based mindfulness. Among the spots that are appropriate to disperse Pampers tests are places like guardians workshop, nurseries, market, and so on. Advancement (what will be finished?) Spoils can move business promotions utilizing various kinds of mediums, for example, TVs and radios. Likewise, advertisers can make use on blogging system. Site posting by certain bloggers who are likewise unexperienced parents can be good examples for their adherents can be helpful as well. Financial plans Spoil Baby Dry diapers spending plans is to accomplish the objective benefit and contend with other contender from year 2008 to 2010.In year 2008 and 2009,Pamper chose to deals the item (Baby Dry Diapers) about $5,395 milion and $5500 milion.Pampers do advertising,promotion and dissemination to accomplish the objective profit.The absolute costs utilized in years 2008 and 2009 is $26 million and $29 million with the distinction $3 million.In years 2010,Pampers deals is $5775 million with the complete costs $39 million.Therefore,Pampers target benefit from years 2008 to 2010 is $5,369 million,$5,471 million and $5,736 million.Overall,pampers can get gainful inside this couple of years is because of the advertising,promotion and dispersion. CONTROLS Procter and Gamble Company are extremely positive to accomplish their organization objective. They attempt to build their organization perceivability, utilizing piece of the overall industry breaking down to contend with others contenders and centering in quality control to draw in the Asia advertise. CURRENT MARKETING SITUATION Market Description: Spoils entered the market in year 1961 and has gotten one of the dominators in America. In year 2008, Pampers declared that it would build costs somewhere in the range of 6% and 8% because of the expansion in the cost of crude materials. Then again, there is various clients who knew about the natural issues. Hence, fabric diapers encountered a little resurgence in year 2008. Be that as it may, clients are more into the effect on the costs and nature issues. Spoils keeps on making offers and green diapers to fulfill customers’ needs. Item Review: In 2009, USA Market deals came to $5500.17 million with 51.1% gross benefit in June 2009.The item blend for spoils is wide and contains explicit profound line. Spoils Baby Dry had the most profound line with various sizes of diapers and every item had been created to the phase of a baby’s little children life in like manner. Spoils utilized yellow shading to pass on comfort in the consumer’ minds and gave diverse measured bundles. In conclusion, Pampers Baby Dry diapers offers thicker diapers with fragrance to include comfort for extended periods of time. Serious Review: Pampers’ principle rival in USA is Huggies by Kimberly-Clark, an America partnership. What's more, they spoke to practically 80% of the complete deals of US advertise in 2009. By and large, Pampers’ piece of the overall industry expanded progressivelyâ contrasting to Huggies’. Huggies relies principally upon retail outlets and showed advancement to burning through $9.1 million on promotions and radio. Circulation Review: The Procter and Gamble and Kimberly-Clark have had the option to separate their lines from private name through increasingly premium item, Americans veered away from the marked makers in 2009.Besides, the increasing expense of crude materials causes the cost increments in year 2009 and these ascents were tempered by the overwhelming impact which private name has on the class. In any case, in October 2007, Kimberly-Clark Corp reported will expand costs by somewhere in the range of 4% and 7% in year 2008 to help balance the increasing expenses of creation. Also, The Procter and Gamble would expand costs by somewhere in the range of 5% and 8%,while the deals will just increment by 1% in 2008.The escalated of the spoils, is permitting them to arrive at their objective market by remaining serious with their greatest rival Huggies. Spoils can without much of a stretch found in basic food item, drugstores and retail location, for example, Hypermarket and so on. In conclusion, Pampers items are comfort item conveying their item in numerous stores to keep up their piece of the overall industry a d guarantee that their image is consistently the best. Promoting STRATEGY Item system Spoils will offer the item with all the highlights that depicted in the item audit segment. Spoils likewise plan bright bundle to pull in more consumers’ consideration and stand apart from the other serious brands. Spoils is a brand that consistently motivated by babies needs by keeping them agreeable, cleanliness and dry. The case of item that offered by Pampers will be Pampers New infant Sensitive, Pampers Easy Up pants, Pampers Change Mats, etc. Spoils will in general plan their items to fit each formative stage from birth to little child. For a model, customers can buy the Swaddler line for infants and for the children that slither and 2 years above. Truth be told, client can pick their item by finding appropriate item for their baby’s singular needs by picking Pampers. Valuing Strategy Spoils have wide assortment decision in advertise, It’s a bit of leeway to build spoils unit deals. To serious with others organization, Pampers Company picked non value rivalry to concentrating on their item quality. In the event that clients sastisfy with the item quality , they will faithful with our own item . Spoils Company decided to keep up their item quality in light of the fact that the creating nations as of now have their local item and it’s relative less expensive than spoils item Added that, nowdays parent are more spotlight on item quality than item value, they need to give the best for their kid. In the event that contrast and others brand like Huggies , Pampers is all the more monetarily and numerous family can moderate. Appropriation Strategy The spoils advertising of circulation force is extremely high. Spoils are the required for babies, organization will picked the reasonable spots to convey their item with the goal that it will simple for clients to arrive at their item. Spoils can be found at closest staple, comfort store , drugstore and retail location, for example, Wal-Mart .since spoils are accommodation item, so the spot is critical to serious with others brand and conveying their item at numerous spots will make it all the more simple for client to arrive at their item . The transportations that flexibly by spoils are trucks, waterways,airways, etc to guarantee that the item are sufficient to fulfill clients need . Advancement To rival others brand ,The Procter and Gamble organization discovered that, their principle spoils clients are babies , to

Mary Schwartz and Beach Electrical Systems Case Study

Mary Schwartz and Beach Electrical Systems - Case Study Example It is obviously obvious from the conversation that Mary’s nonattendances present numerous issues to the association. Under social learning hypothesis, representatives will demonstrate practices of those in the working environment that they witness accepting prize or discipline. Since Mary was never at any point given an admonition for her past experience, there are dangers that representatives will demonstrate her practices. She was viewed as a solid good example and under social learning hypothesis, representatives may repeat her practices accepting they can likewise pull off higher nonattendances. There is one issue, however. Mary’s great business record is archived with worker examinations. This implies in her work record there is proof that she is a model worker. This could make it progressively hard for the association to build up a body of evidence against her end. It is just the assessment of the supervisory crew that she has out of nowhere neglected to meet exec ution desires. This can be handily tested by her numerous benefits in her work document for execution achievement. From the perspective of the association, the past business record ought not have anything to do with her being ended today. Be that as it may, legitimately, Mary has a lot of help for winning a contention that she was wrongly ended dependent on her reputation. Because of her present negative disposition and progressing nonattendances, the business has the moral option to fire her work. The Health and Safety Executive cautions that it isn't acceptable practice for organizations to make presumptions about what makes a worker be missing. This is on the grounds that there are numerous laws built up that secure her. Mary is an ensured class representative under the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission and this makes the circumstance significantly progressively touchy. In any case, from the authoritative view, the business requires people who are group engaged and prepared to add to fulfilling execution guidelines and vital objectives.

Toyota Motor Corporation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Toyota Motor Corporation - Essay Example Capital is one of the key viewpoints inspected here. The organization productivity in 2011 has gone down and capital subsidizing diminished. It has an enormous capital hold .the primary quarter has encountered a reduction of 17.2% in deals. This demonstrates future drops and estimate with the monetary occasions. Obligation to value proportion is 0.69. This demonstrates the organization is more financed with value than obligations. Current proportion of is 1.0 in the previous one year. This shows the organization has liquidity esteem by and large. There have not been huge changes in its investors value inside the principal quarter. This shows the investors have not neglected their obligations in this organization. Character is dissected as far as the ability to reimburse the advance. A credit report is created on Toyota’s borrowings, charge settlements, any court procedures on default, past loaners, and by and large regarding the obligations. The length of the current obligation is examined just as the sum owed. Toyota is current paying a fine of $16.4 million for a review suit. This has risked the force initiative in the car business. FICO scores of 300-800 are utilized and it is stated, the higher the score the better the client is worth. Insurance is the benefit or assurance set that can be seized by the organization on the off chance that the client default in reimbursements. At Toyota, current resources and fixed resources remains at 28 387 556 yen a drop from last year’s estimation of 29 million yen.

Complete List of History Research Paper Topics

History is all over. Everything has a past in this life. Each mainland, each nation, each religion, each country, and each clan have some history connected to their name and went down the ages to safeguard it. This makes choosing one subject out of the numerous potential decisions a lot harder, particularly when you are hoping to dazzle the instructor. Supportive Tips on How to Select the Best History Research Paper Topic? So how would you decide on what to expound on? With the numerous accessible alternatives, you can undoubtedly stall out. Here are a few hints that will assist you with sifting through the incredible from the great and normal ones. Intrigue and Passion Select a point that can continue your enthusiasm as time goes on. Research can expend a ton of your important time and assets, and your enthusiasm for the theme will push you to accomplish more and help you to finish the paper.  Choose a recognizable theme It is anything but difficult to expound on something that is now recognizable to you since you will realize where to search for data and the creative cycle will be quicker and simpler. Select a subject you have enough wellsprings of data on Try not to secure yourself to a point without assessing the assets accessible. Research requires essential wellsprings of data, which can be difficult to find. Essential sources incorporate addresses, photos, papers, interviews, journals, diaries, and collections of memoirs. Keep in mind, you can't depend on optional sources alone. The measure of data you have on a subject decides the bearing your paper will take. Try not to be excessively self-evident While choosing a decent point, keep away from themes that have been exaggerated by different understudies before you. Your instructor can assist you with distinguishing which ones. On the other hand, you can make normal research themes not appear to be regular by changing the center focuses. For instance, when you need to choose a theme like the Civil War, give a remarkable curve to it like Was servitude the main source of the Civil War? Keep it reasonable Most of history subjects are too huge to debilitate in a couple of pages. This may expect you to limit your point to a sensible size. To do this, you may utilize the great 5-W methodology. This implies responding to the inquiries of who, what, where, when, and why. A model: What? The Industrial Revolution. Where? In America. When? The year 1790. Why? To support creation and economy. You should not have to utilize every one of them, yet they can assist you with narrowing down a wide subject. Be adaptable As you start the examination procedure, you may end up expecting to expand or limit your exploration relying upon the outcomes you find. You may even need to change a few parts of your theme to ones that you discover all the more intriguing or sensible. You simply need to go with your gut on this. Intriguing History Research Paper Topics to Choose From Here is an example of magnificent themes to browse. They should give you an unpleasant thought of what you ought to be searching for in a subject. Note that these subjects indicate thoughts for the focal point of the exploration paper however are not proposal explanations. American Revolution: What variables added to an American triumph? Subjection: What was its effect on the economy of the South? What were its impacts on African American families? The Industrial Revolution in your nation and the world Local Americans: Impact of European colonization on Native Americans. Key individuals in American history: Choose an individual (a President, First Lady, the pioneer of a development) and express their commitment to the United States Aztec Empire and its engineering Elements that started WWII Magna Carta: How it changed England What is the association between the two World Wars? Margaret Thatcher as the First Female Prime Minister of Britain The ascent and fall of Adolf Hitler Austria’s Struggle for Independence. The life and vocation of Sir Winston Churchill The effect of Martin Luther King’s discourse on the social liberties development Vietnam War. How the U.S got included Vietnam War: Its causes and results Social liberties Movement of the 1960s: Evaluate the strategies and achievements Hiroshima and Nagasaki. The impacts of the Atom bomb The Salem Witch preliminaries: What were the causes? Clash of Hastings and its job throughout the entire existence of England The Civil War. What issues caused the contention between the South and the North? Ladies in the Civil War. What commitments did they make? The Underground Railroad: What were the techniques utilized? What was its effect on closure Slavery? Japan-Russia War. A review The Russian Revolution: People and places The death of Abraham Lincoln. What did Booth and his co-plotters would like to accomplish? How did Lincoln’s death sway the recreation of the country after the Civil War? Spanish-American War. What were the impacts? The Arab-Israel War. Circumstances and end results The colonization of America English imperialism in India The French Revolution. The foundation of the standards of majority rule government in France The exchanging courses of the Renaissance time frame The Cold War. Its circumstances and end results Nuremberg Trials The most conspicuous sovereigns of old Egypt. The political intensity of the Pope in the Middle Ages The reasons for the Irish potato starvation Mahatma Gandhi and The Salt March Since you have a thought of what is normal, you can choose a brilliant history investigate point. Recollect that mankind's history is plentiful in inquisitive occasions, and shockingly, not every one of them have been investigated. Is it accurate to say that you are in Need of Expert Writing Help? Get it Here In the event that you need a tweaked history inquire about paper, our group of essayists is here to help. We convey quality work to our clients so you can understand that passing mark you are focusing on. Our specialists can likewise give modifications to your exploration papers to guarantee that you submit quality work.

The ARC

The ARC Living across from the ARC definitely has its benefits. As a freshman, you may live in University Housing and will have to make a decision about which residence hall that you want to live in. Of course, there are great places to live in other parts of campus that are close to the other recreational facility, CRCE, but there is something so special about the Ikenberry Commons and the immediacy of having a gym nearby. If you were to live in Snyder Hall, Scott Hall, or even Bousfield Hall, you will find that going to the ARC  is just a street-crossing away. This is especially nice in the winter when you want to exercise but dont particularly care to get hypothermia. Likewise, in the warmer weather, the journey to the gym is not a time for sweating or overheating. The ARC facility is pretty amazing, to say the least. It has three levels of varying equipment and machines that are sure to help anyone reach their respective fitness goals. One of the coolest things about the ARC is the snack bar that is right outside the entrance to the gym area. Here, you can buy drinks and protein shakes with your Illini credits. The cool factor of the ARC does not stop there either. There are ping-pong and foosball tables inside the ARC, as well. Overall, I know exactly why many of my friends chose to live in my residence hall, Snyder Hall, their first year; they wanted personal access to one of the greatest fitness facilities that a college student can ask for. As I can see during my time thus far, they have not let this access go to waste. Besides, having a place like the ARC is pretty amazing once you find out what the freshman 15 truly is. ?? Jacob Class of 2019 I’m an Advertising student within the College of Media. My hometown is a place called Fairmount, Illinois, which is about 30 minutes from campus. I began my Illinois journey in the Division of General Studies.

The Influence of the Treaty of Versailles on World War Two - 2750 Words

The Influence of the Treaty of Versailles on World War Two (Term Paper Sample) Content: The Influence of the Treaty of Versailles on World War TwoFirst Name, (Middle Initials), Last NameCourseInstructors NameDate Jean Martet when quoting Georges Clemenceau, then Prime Minister of France said; I know men who profess to like and admire G. Clemenceau, who support the contention that he won the war but not the peace. Failure by malice to the framers of the Treaty of Versailles, the actions of Mr. Lloyd George in blowing up the repatriation demands of Germany and the actions of the US in withdrawing from any involvement with the rest of the world are key arguments that many historians including Hertherton and Martet have brought forward as key causes of World War 2. According to Martet, the war could be attributed to the deprivation of the League of Nations of half of its influence for peace. Germany alone is to blame because she made no effort to fulfill the terms of the Treaty of Versailles. Although some element of these statements may be true, thi s paper shall not dwell on uncovering the facts. Instead it settles on establishing how the Treaty of Versailles started a domino effect that eventually led WW2. Behind the signing of the Treaty of Versailles were three prominent personalities: David Lloyd George, Prime Minister of Britain; Woodrow Wilson, President of the United States of America and Georges Clemenceau, Prime Minister of France. Two contradicting views marred this process, on one hand, Wilson inclined towards a treaty based on 14 point plan to bring Europe to peace. On the other hand, Clemenceau wanted revenge asserted on Germany. Lloyd who was caught in the middle tried to strike a balance between the two divergent approaches to end the war. In the background, Germans had been expecting to sign a peace treaty based on Wilsons 14 points and were unhappy with the new terms of the treaty but had no choice but to oblige and sign. Germanys rearmament of the Fatherland, the remilitarization of the Rhineland, the Anschluss with Austria and the occupation of the Sudetenland were all significant attacks on the Treaty of Versailles on the road to WW 2. Three questions will serve as the central thesis for this paper: How exactly did the Treaty fail in its quest to curtail a new war? More importantly, did the British publics displeasure of the Treaty of Versailles play a role in the budding of the appeasement policy of the 1930s? Did Britain demoralize the cause of the Treaty? Further it will examine how the failure of the treaty and adoption of the policy of appeasement led to the signing of the Munich Agreement which strengthened Germanys position on the road to a new war: an event led to the rise of Adolf Hitler. A final consideration will be to examine the relation to the failure of League of Nations. To answer these questions it is important to point out some noteworthy events that were taking place at the time, post 1919. Firstly, Anglo-French relations had significantly deteriorated. This tended to foster an increasingly sympathetic attitude towards Germany. Secondly, Britain realized it needed its former partners in Central Europe for her own prosperity and had a compromising desire to soften the features of the peace settlement which might have impeded Germanys recovery. Thirdly, both the British and the French were aware of Adolf Hitlers actions in Germany but ignored the situation because they were more concerned with holding back the domino effect; the rise of communism. To Britain and France, Germany building its defenses was essential to prevent the rise of communism to the West. Fourthly, and perhaps the most significant factor was lifting of the war guilt on Germany: There was no more reason to blame Germany for standing by Austria than to blame France for supporting her ally, though Germany should not have given Austria a blank check. The German attack on Belgium was merely the "occasion" for Britain's entrance into the war; the reason was her ti es to the entente and her fear of the consequences of a German victory. The real cause of the war was the division of Europe into two armed camps. The actions of each state were "natural." None were guilty of desiring war, and all were guilty of failing to correct the "international anarchy," which they had inherited. The war guilt debate reached its pinnacle in 1938 with the Anschluss and the Czech crisis. Marriott and Temperley viewed Germany's annexation of Austria as predictable and any response by Britain as useless. The Munich agreement was hailed by others as representing "the revival in this country of realist statesmanship in the best sense. Temperley also saw Chamberlain's policy as realistic and they condemned its critics as "idealists." While pointing to the "tribulations" imposed on Germany by the peace treaty as a justification for the Munich agreement, they revealed a heavier reason for their support of appeasement. There is little doubt that during the 1930s the Br itish public and its leaders alike clung to the view inculcated by historians in the previous decade. The view was that a relatively guiltless Germany had been unjustly treated by the peacemakers and that the injustices she was attempting to correct were therefore legitimate. The wave of pro-Germanism that flounced the nation in the wake of Hitler's remilitarization of the Rhineland is an indication of the scope and strength of these convictions. By contrast, the dilemma of French security was never grasped, and the significance of the remilitarization of the Rhineland and the trouncing of the Czech defenses in shifting the equation of power went largely unnoticed. In their willingness to undo the post-war settlement, they disregarded the most elementary dictates of the balance of power. Britishs displeasure on the treaty played a big role in the budding of the appeasement policy i.e. giving in to someone provided their demands are reasonable. When Germany began arming in 1934 p eople felt she had a right to protect herself. The Munich Agreement, signed by the leaders of Germany, France, Britain, and Italy, agreed that the Sudetenland would be returned to Germany. The Czech government was not invited to the conference and protested about the loss of the Sudetenland. They felt that they had been betrayed by both Britain and France with whom alliances had been made. However, the Munich Agreement was generally viewed as a victory and an excellent example of securing peace through conciliation rather than war. When Hitler invaded the rest of Czechoslovakia in March 1939, he broke the terms of the agreement. The next domino on the road to WW2 was Hitlers actions following the undermined and weakened peace treaty. Adolf Hitler became Chancellor of Germany in January of 1933. Almost instantaneously he began secretly building up Germanys weapons and arms. In 1934 he had considerably increased the size of the army and began building warships and an airforce. Cont rary to Treaty of Versailles that restricted conscription, Hitler put into place compulsory military service. In 1936 Hitler directed German troops to enter the Rhineland. At this point the German army was not very sturdy and could have been easily overpowered. Yet neither Britain nor France was prepared to start another war. In the same year, Hitler also made two imperative alliances: The first was called the Rome-Berlin Axis Pact and allied Germany with Italy; the second was called the Anti-Comitern Pact and allied Germany with Japan. In 1938 Hitler began taking back land that had been taken from Germany. In March 1938, the leader of Austria was forced to hold a vote asking the people whether they would like to be part of Germany. 99% of Austrian people wanted Anschluss, union with Germany. The Austrian leader requested France, Britain, and Italy for aid. Hitler guaranteed that the Anschluss was the end of his expansionist aims and not wanting to risk war, the other countries did nothing. Six months later, Hitler did not keep his word and demanded that the Sudetenland region be handed over to Germany. The Munich Agreement stated that Hitler could have the Sudetenland region of Czechoslovakia on condition that he promised not to attack the rest of Czechoslovakia. In March 1939 Hiltler invaded the rest of Czechoslovakia. Despite Czechoslovakia raising an alarm for help neither Britain nor France was prepared to take military action against Germany. However, action was now necessary and believing that Poland would be Germanys next target. Britain and France pledged that they would take military action against Hitler if he invaded Poland. Chamberlain believed that, faced with the prospect of war against France and Britain, Hitler would stop his aggression. Chamberlain was wrong and on 1st September 1939 German troops invaded Poland which was the last domino to drop before the war. According to Cline (1988), In the debate concerning the fairness of the Treaty of Versailles historians claimed to speak with scholarly authority. Precisely as German officials had hoped, the demise of the belief in German war guilt, which was largely the work of historians, raised the question of whether Germany was morally bound to honor a peace settlement concluded under what was later regarded as the misapprehension that she was chiefly responsible for the war. Liberal intellectuals, disillusioned by the Treaty of Versailles, eagerly embraced the new revisionist history as an argument for changes in the peace settlement. When Hitler proceeded unilaterally to dismantle the Versailles system in the 1930s, these historians, frightened by the potential consequences of Britain's opposition, urged acceptance of his aggression on the grounds that Germany's grievances were valid. Shortly... The Influence of the Treaty of Versailles on World War Two - 2750 Words The Influence of the Treaty of Versailles on World War Two (Term Paper Sample) Content: The Influence of the Treaty of Versailles on World War TwoFirst Name, (Middle Initials), Last NameCourseInstructors NameDate Jean Martet when quoting Georges Clemenceau, then Prime Minister of France said; I know men who profess to like and admire G. Clemenceau, who support the contention that he won the war but not the peace. Failure by malice to the framers of the Treaty of Versailles, the actions of Mr. Lloyd George in blowing up the repatriation demands of Germany and the actions of the US in withdrawing from any involvement with the rest of the world are key arguments that many historians including Hertherton and Martet have brought forward as key causes of World War 2. According to Martet, the war could be attributed to the deprivation of the League of Nations of half of its influence for peace. Germany alone is to blame because she made no effort to fulfill the terms of the Treaty of Versailles. Although some element of these statements may be true, thi s paper shall not dwell on uncovering the facts. Instead it settles on establishing how the Treaty of Versailles started a domino effect that eventually led WW2. Behind the signing of the Treaty of Versailles were three prominent personalities: David Lloyd George, Prime Minister of Britain; Woodrow Wilson, President of the United States of America and Georges Clemenceau, Prime Minister of France. Two contradicting views marred this process, on one hand, Wilson inclined towards a treaty based on 14 point plan to bring Europe to peace. On the other hand, Clemenceau wanted revenge asserted on Germany. Lloyd who was caught in the middle tried to strike a balance between the two divergent approaches to end the war. In the background, Germans had been expecting to sign a peace treaty based on Wilsons 14 points and were unhappy with the new terms of the treaty but had no choice but to oblige and sign. Germanys rearmament of the Fatherland, the remilitarization of the Rhineland, the Anschluss with Austria and the occupation of the Sudetenland were all significant attacks on the Treaty of Versailles on the road to WW 2. Three questions will serve as the central thesis for this paper: How exactly did the Treaty fail in its quest to curtail a new war? More importantly, did the British publics displeasure of the Treaty of Versailles play a role in the budding of the appeasement policy of the 1930s? Did Britain demoralize the cause of the Treaty? Further it will examine how the failure of the treaty and adoption of the policy of appeasement led to the signing of the Munich Agreement which strengthened Germanys position on the road to a new war: an event led to the rise of Adolf Hitler. A final consideration will be to examine the relation to the failure of League of Nations. To answer these questions it is important to point out some noteworthy events that were taking place at the time, post 1919. Firstly, Anglo-French relations had significantly deteriorated. This tended to foster an increasingly sympathetic attitude towards Germany. Secondly, Britain realized it needed its former partners in Central Europe for her own prosperity and had a compromising desire to soften the features of the peace settlement which might have impeded Germanys recovery. Thirdly, both the British and the French were aware of Adolf Hitlers actions in Germany but ignored the situation because they were more concerned with holding back the domino effect; the rise of communism. To Britain and France, Germany building its defenses was essential to prevent the rise of communism to the West. Fourthly, and perhaps the most significant factor was lifting of the war guilt on Germany: There was no more reason to blame Germany for standing by Austria than to blame France for supporting her ally, though Germany should not have given Austria a blank check. The German attack on Belgium was merely the "occasion" for Britain's entrance into the war; the reason was her ti es to the entente and her fear of the consequences of a German victory. The real cause of the war was the division of Europe into two armed camps. The actions of each state were "natural." None were guilty of desiring war, and all were guilty of failing to correct the "international anarchy," which they had inherited. The war guilt debate reached its pinnacle in 1938 with the Anschluss and the Czech crisis. Marriott and Temperley viewed Germany's annexation of Austria as predictable and any response by Britain as useless. The Munich agreement was hailed by others as representing "the revival in this country of realist statesmanship in the best sense. Temperley also saw Chamberlain's policy as realistic and they condemned its critics as "idealists." While pointing to the "tribulations" imposed on Germany by the peace treaty as a justification for the Munich agreement, they revealed a heavier reason for their support of appeasement. There is little doubt that during the 1930s the Br itish public and its leaders alike clung to the view inculcated by historians in the previous decade. The view was that a relatively guiltless Germany had been unjustly treated by the peacemakers and that the injustices she was attempting to correct were therefore legitimate. The wave of pro-Germanism that flounced the nation in the wake of Hitler's remilitarization of the Rhineland is an indication of the scope and strength of these convictions. By contrast, the dilemma of French security was never grasped, and the significance of the remilitarization of the Rhineland and the trouncing of the Czech defenses in shifting the equation of power went largely unnoticed. In their willingness to undo the post-war settlement, they disregarded the most elementary dictates of the balance of power. Britishs displeasure on the treaty played a big role in the budding of the appeasement policy i.e. giving in to someone provided their demands are reasonable. When Germany began arming in 1934 p eople felt she had a right to protect herself. The Munich Agreement, signed by the leaders of Germany, France, Britain, and Italy, agreed that the Sudetenland would be returned to Germany. The Czech government was not invited to the conference and protested about the loss of the Sudetenland. They felt that they had been betrayed by both Britain and France with whom alliances had been made. However, the Munich Agreement was generally viewed as a victory and an excellent example of securing peace through conciliation rather than war. When Hitler invaded the rest of Czechoslovakia in March 1939, he broke the terms of the agreement. The next domino on the road to WW2 was Hitlers actions following the undermined and weakened peace treaty. Adolf Hitler became Chancellor of Germany in January of 1933. Almost instantaneously he began secretly building up Germanys weapons and arms. In 1934 he had considerably increased the size of the army and began building warships and an airforce. Cont rary to Treaty of Versailles that restricted conscription, Hitler put into place compulsory military service. In 1936 Hitler directed German troops to enter the Rhineland. At this point the German army was not very sturdy and could have been easily overpowered. Yet neither Britain nor France was prepared to start another war. In the same year, Hitler also made two imperative alliances: The first was called the Rome-Berlin Axis Pact and allied Germany with Italy; the second was called the Anti-Comitern Pact and allied Germany with Japan. In 1938 Hitler began taking back land that had been taken from Germany. In March 1938, the leader of Austria was forced to hold a vote asking the people whether they would like to be part of Germany. 99% of Austrian people wanted Anschluss, union with Germany. The Austrian leader requested France, Britain, and Italy for aid. Hitler guaranteed that the Anschluss was the end of his expansionist aims and not wanting to risk war, the other countries did nothing. Six months later, Hitler did not keep his word and demanded that the Sudetenland region be handed over to Germany. The Munich Agreement stated that Hitler could have the Sudetenland region of Czechoslovakia on condition that he promised not to attack the rest of Czechoslovakia. In March 1939 Hiltler invaded the rest of Czechoslovakia. Despite Czechoslovakia raising an alarm for help neither Britain nor France was prepared to take military action against Germany. However, action was now necessary and believing that Poland would be Germanys next target. Britain and France pledged that they would take military action against Hitler if he invaded Poland. Chamberlain believed that, faced with the prospect of war against France and Britain, Hitler would stop his aggression. Chamberlain was wrong and on 1st September 1939 German troops invaded Poland which was the last domino to drop before the war. According to Cline (1988), In the debate concerning the fairness of the Treaty of Versailles historians claimed to speak with scholarly authority. Precisely as German officials had hoped, the demise of the belief in German war guilt, which was largely the work of historians, raised the question of whether Germany was morally bound to honor a peace settlement concluded under what was later regarded as the misapprehension that she was chiefly responsible for the war. Liberal intellectuals, disillusioned by the Treaty of Versailles, eagerly embraced the new revisionist history as an argument for changes in the peace settlement. When Hitler proceeded unilaterally to dismantle the Versailles system in the 1930s, these historians, frightened by the potential consequences of Britain's opposition, urged acceptance of his aggression on the grounds that Germany's grievances were valid. Shortly...

Niels Bohr Institute

The Niels Bohr Institute at the University of Copenhagen is one of the most historically-significant physics research sites in the world. Throughout the early twentieth century, it was home to some of the most intensive thinking related to the development of quantum mechanics, which result in a revolutionary rethinking of how we understood the physical structure of matter and energy. Founding of the Institute In 1913, Danish theoretical physicist Niels Bohr developed his now-classic model of the atom. He was a graduate of Copenhagen University and became a professor there in 1916, when he pretty much instantly began lobbying to create a physics research institute at the University. In 1921, he was granted his wish, as the Institute for Theoretical Physics at the University of Copenhagen was founded with him as the director. It was often referenced with the short-hand name Copenhagen Institute, and youll still find it referenced as such in many books on physics today. The funding to create the Institute for Theoretical Physics largely came from the Carlsberg foundation, which is the charitable organization affiliated with the Carlsberg brewery. Over the course of Bohrs lifetime, the Carlsberg forked out well over a hundred grants to him in his lifetime (according to NobelPrize.org). Beginning in 1924, the Rockefeller Foundation also became a major contributor to the Institute. Developing Quantum Mechanics Bohrs model of the atom was one of the key components of conceptualizing the physical structure of matter within quantum mechanics, and so his Institute for Theoretical Physics became a gathering point for many of the physicists thinking most deeply about these evolving concepts. Bohr went out of his way to cultivate this, creating an international environment in which all researchers would feel welcomed to come to the Institute to assist in their research there. The major claim to fame of the Institute for Theoretical Physics was the work there in developing an understanding of how to interpret the mathematical relationships that were being demonstrated by the work in quantum mechanics. The main interpretation that came out of this work was so closely tied to Bohrs Institute that it became known as the Copenhagen interpretation of quantum mechanics, even well after it had become the default interpretation the world over. There have been a number of occasions where people directly affiliated with the Institute received Nobel Prizes, most notably: 1922 - Niels Bohr for his atomic model1943 - George de Hevesy for work in nuclear medicine1975 - Aage Bohr and Ben Mottelson for work in describing the structure of the atomic nucleus   At first glance, this might not seem particularly impressive for an institute that was at the center of understanding quantum mechanics. However, a number of other physicists from other institutes throughout the world built their research on the work from the Institute and then went on to receive Nobel Prizes of their own. Renaming the Institute The Institute for Theoretical Physics at the University of Copenhagen was officially renamed with the less-cumbersome name Niels Bohr Institute on October 7, 1965, the 80th anniversary of Niels Bohrs birth. Bohr himself had died in 1962. Merging the Institutes The University of Copenhagen of course taught more than quantum physics, and as a result had a number of physics-related institutes associated with the University. On January 1, 1993, the Niels Bohr Institute joined together with the Astronomical Observatory, the Orsted Laboratory, and The Geophysical Institute at the University of Copenhagen to form one large research institute across all of these diverse areas of physics research. The resulting organization retained the name Niels Bohr Institute. In 2005, the Niels Bohr Institute added the Dark Cosmology Centre (sometimes called DARK), which focuses on research into dark energy and dark matter, as well as other areas of astrophysics and cosmology. Honoring the Institute On December 3, 2013, the Niels Bohr Institute was recognized by being designated an official scientific historical site by the European Physical Society. As part of the award, they placed a plaque on the building with the following inscription: This is where the foundation of atomic physics and modern physics were created in a creative scientific environment inspired by Niels Bohr in the 1920s and 30s.

What Is an Extensive Property

The two types of physical properties of matter are intensive properties and extensive properties. Extensive Property Definition An extensive property is a property of matter that changes as the amount of matter changes. Like other physical properties, an extensive property may be observed and measured without any chemical change (reaction) occurring. Extensive Property Examples Mass and volume are extensive properties. As more matter is added to a system, both mass and volume changes. Extensive Versus Intensive Properties In contrast to extensive properties, intensive properties do not depend on the amount of matter in a sample. They are the same whether youre looking at a large amount of material or tiny quantity. An example of an intensive property is electrical conductivity. The electrical conductivity of a wire depends on its composition, not the length of the wire. Density and solubility are two other examples of intensive properties.

Essay on The Contradictions in Aristotles Nicomachean...

When I think about what makes me happiest in life, I put my family and friends at the top of the list. I know that there is no way I would be who I am today without them. My family loves me and has taught me most of what I know about how to live. Friends have taught me so much more about myself than I could ever have imagined; how to laugh at myself, how to love myself, how to learn from my mistakes, etc. All these people in my life have given me so much and I have in return offered what I have to give. Secondly, I would probably put my knowledge. It is what I need to be able to understand how the world works today and voice my opinion in the community; to benefit myself and teach others. Next on my list, I would put art.†¦show more content†¦To begin with, voluntary actions are those of which the moving principle is in the agent himself, he being aware of the particular circumstances of the action.p.967 23-24 Choice is also voluntary or in our own power and is that desired after deliberation. An example of this is action of friendship. Friendship is a reciprocated goodwill. In other words, friends must mutually recognize bearing goodwill and wishing well to one another, otherwise one would never know how the other felt and it would not be friendship. Aristotle goes on to state the desire of a virtuous friend for a virtuous man by explaining that life is the act of perceiving or thinking and it is good for the virtuous man because it is of the nature of the good. And if life is good and pleasant and he who perceives, perceives that he exists (because perceiving is existing) and this is pleasant and if the virtuous man is to his friend as he is to himself: if all of this is true,..He needs, therefore, to be conscious of the existence of his friend as well. p.1090 10-12 This is saying that a virtuous man needs friends because he himself is his own friend and a part of being your own friend is the act of perceiving your own existence. For the man who does not perceive, he says such a life is intermediate, as are its attributes. Therefore, if we do not participate in the action of friendship, we are not be able to perceive ourselves, and if we could not perceive ourselves, we would notShow MoreRelatedAristotle And Aristotle On Friendship1480 Words   |  6 PagesIn work his work The Nicomachean Ethics Aristotle addresses the question: what is the good life? Aristotle acknowledges that the generally accepted notion of the human good is happiness or, alternatively put, eudaimonia. The difficulty surrounding the age old question, and the topic that Aristotle’s Nicomachean Ethics primarily addresses, is not what we call the human good, but rather how happiness is defined and what contributes to a good, eudaimonic, flourishing life. Aristotle writes that happinessRead MoreAristotle, The Man Of Thinking1025 Words   |  5 Pageslifespan. Aristotle’s place of death was in Chalcis. His full name is Aristotle Stagiritis son of Nicomachus. He had a wife by the name of Hermias and a son with the name of Pythias. Aristotle is known well for teaching the world renowned man, referred to today as Alexander the Great. At the age of 18, he enrolled in the school taught by a man called Plato. The institute was known as the Platonic Academy, he studied there for nearly 20 years. This institute is where it all begin. Aristotle’s fatherRead MoreAristotle and Plato: Death Action and Justice1284 Words   |  5 Pagesprovided for this discussion, we find that Aristotles Nicomachean Ethics and Platos The Trial and Death of Socrates are at once contradictory and compatible. First, a discussion on their contradictions is appropriate. Perhaps what is most compelling in the distinction between the two statements in question is their differing perspectives on the level of dynamism which a man must show in the face of decision or crisis. Particularly, we find that Aristotles comments suggest a man should be judgedRead MoreVirtue and Happiness Essay1462 Words   |  6 Pagesfinally I am going to give an account of the apparent contradiction in Book X which is a praise of the life of study. Before describing the close relationship between the good and virtue, we have to define these terms. Virtue has a broader sense than the contemporary understanding we have of it, in the Nicomachean Ethics virtue simply means excellence. Aristotle defines a good by noticing that every action seeks some good. In the Nicomechean Ethics good and end are interchangeable and both mean goalRead MoreAristotle s Philosophy On Moral Virtue1274 Words   |  6 PagesIn Book II of the Nicomachean Ethics, Aristotle discusses the idea of moral virtue. Aristotle emphasized the importance of developing moral virtue as the way to achieve what is finally more important, human flourishing (eudaimonia). Aristotle makes the argument in Book II that moral virtue arises from habit—equating ethical character to a skill that is acquired through practice, such as learning a musical instrument. However in Book III, Aristotle argues that a person s moral virtue is voluntaryRead MoreComparing Aristotle s Nicomachean Ethics 2500 Words   |  10 Pages According to Aristotle, friendship shares the same qualities of a proper self-love. In Aristotle’s†Nicomachean Ethics† (book 9), he asks us, if there is such a thing as friendship with oneself. He states that people who are good friends to others tend to be comfortable with themselves, therefore, they do not mind being alone because they have a clear conscience. However, Aristotle also says, that people who are not comfortableRead More Comparing Plato and Aristotle Essay2140 Words   |  9 Pagesand the just person. Aristotle was born in 384 BC, in ancient Stagira in Greek Macedonian. Macedonian is located in northern part of Greece and was not considered to be a true part of Greece by the southern Greeks of Athens, Sparta, and Thebes. Aristotles father was a physician to the royal court, which allowed him to go up in the upper class. When he was 17, he went to Athens to study at Platos Academy. He stayed for about 20 years, as a student and then as a teacher. When Plato died, AristotleRead MorePlato s The Nicomachean Ethics2113 Words   |  9 Pagesthe Nicomachean Ethics, Aristotle presents the reader with a guide to living a good life. He claims the â€Å"highest good† is happiness, and the way to obtain it is through the use of reason. In order to better comprehend Aristotle’s ideas regarding happiness, we will explain his conception of eudaimonia and excellence through rational activity. Then, we will examine this concept of rational activity in relation to the aristotelian concept of self-sufficiency. At the end of the Nicomachean Ethics, AristotleRead MoreEssay on Aristotle and the Doctrine of the Mean2044 Words   |  9 PagesAristotle’s Doctrine of the Mean and the Problem of Self-Control Introduction Aristotle’s Nicomahean Ethics is a rich text of ancient wisdom, much of which has become ingrained into today’s rhetoric in many schools of thought in the western world. It is with Aristotle’s views on Virtue that this paper is primarily concerned, more specifically with his idea that to have virtue is to display attitudes and actions to a moderate and intermediate degree. Stan Van Hooft (2008) notes that, althoughRead MoreThe Death Penalty On The Criminal Justice System1491 Words   |  6 Pagesaddresses the issue of justice in Nicomachean Ethics. One from of justice that he introduces is justice before the law, the type of justice that can equalize what has been taken. Aristotle focuses on the city as a community that both the offender and the victim live in. To rectify what has been taken, the victim must be restored. The way to do this is to take from the offender and give to the victim. This sort of corrective or rectificatory justice is known as ‘Ar istotle’s standard interpretation’ (Brickhouse

The Assessment Data Of The Miles College Self Study

1.1.a What did the evidence reveal about the unit continuing to meet this standard? The assessment data included in the Miles College self-study states that candidates preparing to work in schools, know and demonstrate content knowledge, pedagogical skills and professional dispositions needed to be facilitators of learning for all students in P-12 schools (IR, p. 3). . The Professional Education Unit at Miles College prepares candidates, at the initial level, in ten Alabama State Department of Education approved program of study areas. The unit programs of study are: Biology Education, Chemistry/Chemistry Education, Early Childhood Education, Elementary Education, English Language Arts Education, General Science Education, History/Social Science Education, Mathematics/Mathematics Education, Music/Music Education (Choral), and Music/Music Education (Instrumental). Nine of the ten programs of studies that are approved as Class B programs by the Alabama State Board of Education through May 31, 2017 (Exhibits 1.3.a.1, 2.3.b.1a-c, 5.3.e.9, and 6.3.a.3). There was no documentation provided to verify the current approval status of the Music/Music Education (Choral) program LOOK ON AIMS. All ten programs matriculate to a baccalaureate degree. There is documentation for Elementary and Mathematics/Mathematics Education program that indicates that they met all of the Alabama State Standards (Exhibit 1.3.a.2). There was no documentation for the other 8 programs related to meetingShow MoreRelatedThe Professional Education Unit ( Peu )893 Words   |  4 Pages(PEU) at Miles College prepares candidates, at the initial level, in ten Alabama State Department of Education approved program of study areas. 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For the purpose of this paper, I have chosen Webb County due to the fact it has the highest prevalence of diabetes in my home state of Texas (Direct links to health-related data, 2015). The population of Webb County is over ninety five percent Hispanic (Webb County QuickFacts from the US Census Bureau, 2015) and this demographic consistently ranks the highestRead MoreRural Areas Across The United States1140 Words   |  5 Pageswomen’s health providers, primary and specialty care, screening services, prenatal care, and have more complications accompanied with pregnancy. These areas also have higher incidences of breast and cervical cancer than of urban areas. (The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, 2014). â€Å"More than 28 million women 18 and older live in Rural or Frontier America who need access to health care services† (Bennett et al., 2013). Access issues affect almost all of these women. 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This paper is a critique of F Demie’s ‘Achievement of Black Caribbean pupils: good practice in Lambeth schools’, which is an interpretive study by Feyisa Demie Jan McKenley, Chris Power, and Louise Ishani. The LEA provided the funding for this research project. The aim of the research according to Demie was to â€Å"Identify a number of significant common themes for success in raising the achievementRead MorePrison Education Essay4573 Words   |  19 PagesTahoe Community College One College Drive South Lake Tahoe, California 96150 USA Faculty Advisor: Daryl G. Frazetti Abstract Given the number of inmates in the prison system and the high level of recidivism, it is important to seek out possible solutions to this growing problem. By implementing more educationally and vocationally oriented programs it is possible that current recidivism rates can be reduced, thereby offering some relief for existing overcrowding conditions. 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Study of the Support avaliable for women with myasthenia in pregnancy Free Essays

Introduction The myasthenia nurse specialist can play a vital role in supporting patients with myasthenia who wish to conceive, who are pregnant and who have had babies. Within the specialist role supporting patients and their families is already a high priority, be this supporting patient choices, information giving, psychological support and facilitating patient pathways. The clinical nurse specialist role encompasses transforming practice to support and improve patient care and nursing practice, through education, research, audit, clinical leadership and using evidence–based care (Mayo et al, 2010 and Muller et al, 2010). We will write a custom essay sample on Study of the Support avaliable for women with myasthenia in pregnancy or any similar topic only for you Order Now The clinical nurse specialist may be the link/key point of access for patients within a service, co-ordinating care and management of patients through complex pathways and providing information and support to ensure informed decision making. The level or type of support may change when the patient with myasthenia decides to have a baby. This support may involve helping make the right choices regarding timing the pregnancy, medications and expectations during and after pregnancy. Most of the support given will be information and practical advice and during pregnancy the specialist nurse can liaise with the obstetric team to provide them with any information they may require. The specialist nurse can also act as the link between the maternity and neurological services to provide a safety net for patients who are experiencing problems with their myasthenia. Several reports into pregnancy in patients with myasthenia suggest that there is an increased chance of relapse of symptoms in the first trimester and in the month after delivery, (Briemberg, 2007, Ciafoloni Massey 2004, Batocchi et al 1999). The recommendations from the above authors are that patients with myasthenia have a collaborative approach to their obstetric care. The myasthenia nurse is in a good position to ensure that appointments can be made if medication adjustments or assessment of the myasthenia is needed as the pregnancy progresses. The specialist nurses can provide Pre-conception support. Myasthenia gravis affects women mainly during the childbearing years therefore it is important to discuss family planning early; especially when starting on immunosuppression/disease modifying treatments, (Ciafaloni Massey 2004 and Williams Sax Rosenbaum 2006). Women may express concerns about the impact that these medications may have on the development of their baby. Williams Sax Rosenbaum (2006) go on to suggest that patients should be advised not to plan pregnancy within a year or two of diagnosis as the risks of relapse increase if the disease is not stable. This view is also supported by Ciafaloni Massey (2004) who suggest that maximising stability should be the main goal before planning pregnancy. The role that the specialist nurse has is vital therefore in monitoring the symptoms and overall stability of the myasthenia through regular contacts and when the patient is planning pregnancy discussions can be centred around the implications of treatment on the pregnancy. Women and their partners often ask about the impact that pregnancy may have on the myasthenia, especially if there was a problem during/following a previous pregnancy. There is evidence to suggest that subsequent pregnancies may have differing patterns of relapse, where one may be rocky another may be uneventful, (Briemberg, 2007, Batocchi et al 1999), this then emphasises the need for close, collaboration between the neurology and obstetric teams. Barber (2008) supports the above view as close monitoring during pregnancy may prevent complications and may identify and manage problems early, while Thierry (2006) emphasises the importance of preconception advice to determine what support systems need to be considere d for post delivery and supports the view that a collaborative approach to pregnancy management can support better patient outcomes. Antenatal support: Once a patient is pregnant, the nurse can help co-ordinate care by linking the neurology and obstetric teams, providing information about MG and medications. The nurse can provide support to manage the symptoms of fatigue (pregnancy related); and any problems that may arise during the later months. This may involve bringing the patient to clinic to monitor medications, as doses may need to be altered due to the pregnancy related renal clearance, expanded plasma volume and the changes in medication absorption; this is supported by Stafford Dildy, (2005) who suggest that monitoring should also include signs of increasing weakness or the potential for a myasthenic crisis. The specialist nurse can link with the midwife and get the health visitor involved early, as this may be beneficial as there is potential for relapse in the first few weeks/month post partum, at a time when sleep deprivation and hormonal fluctuations may make the myasthenia worse. Regular follow up – either telephonically or in the nurse led clinic may help to detect the potential for relapse post partum. The nurse is also able to consider referral to the obstetric physiotherapist for the assessment and support for changing mobility needs as the pregnancy progresses. The myasthenia nurse may be able to provide advice on practical things that may help with their baby; such as baby slings for women who have upper limb weakness. The challenges faced by new parents such as sleep deprivation, hormonal changes and dealing with a small infant can be magnified in patients with myasthenia. If a new mother and her partner are not given sufficient support there is a 10-15 % risk of post natal depression in patients without a chronic condition (Horowitz Goodman, 2005 and Lumley, 2005) and this has a huge impact on the family unit. Therefore it is well recognised that early support for the couple through ante natal classes and access to health visitors who have been trained in mental health issues, decreases the chances of post natal depression developing or may promote early recognition of symptoms (Brugha et al, 2000, Misri et al, 2000). The Royal College of Nursing produced some guidelines on Pregnancy and Disability (RCN, 2007) for midwives and nurses, which encourage care providers to be aware of the potential for post natal depression in patients with disabilities. These guidelines provide useful information for nurses and midwives who are caring for long term conditions. Post natal support: The myasthenia nurse may help by being available at short notice for advice if in the immediate post partum period, the patient develops worsening of her myasthenia. This may involve liaising with the neurologist if the patient runs into trouble; bringing them to clinic early and facilitating appropriate admissions. Another aspect of support would be liaising with the health visitors with regards to issues around fatigue, breastfeeding (medication), monitoring for signs of post natal depression. It is important to ensure support for mums who are not able to breast feed due to weakness in their arms, making sure they are not stigmatised for not breast feeding. If a woman’s initial presentation of myasthenia occurs after delivery the support needed increases, as not only does the woman have to deal with the myasthenia weakness, but also a small baby and an anxious partner. The information needs at this time need to be balanced with the need to ensure that the patient is able to bond with her baby and not get over exhausted. Over time the support will be tailored according to the needs of the woman and her partner. This may involve follow up in nurse led clinics, out reach and telephone support. It is important to acknowledge the physical and emotional impact that being diagnosed with a long term condition has on a new mum and that all partners in the provision of care need to be balanced to ensure maximum support when needed. Myasthenia nurse specialist network: Provision of telephone support to a specified region and then support for patients within their designated NHS Trusts Glasgow: Scotland Oxford: Midlands Southampton: South West England Liverpool: North England and North Wales and Northern Ireland London: South East England Dublin: Ireland Resources available for women and their partners: www.mga-charity.org: Most patients with myasthenia will be aware of the support available through the website, the MGA Branch network and the Regional Organisers. www.nctpregnancyandbabycare.info: Information and support network for antenatal patients, post natal with classes and courses. www.thebabycafe.org: breast feeding support www.netmums.com: support for mums – play groups to healthy eating www.askbaby.com: advice and support for pregnancy and post natal period www.breastfeedingnetwork.org.uk: information about breastfeeding, medications in breastfeeding and support www.busylittleones.co.uk: for baby and toddler activities and resources for parents/grandparents www.mumsmeetup.com: networking and support for new mums both on and off line www.goreal.org.uk: information about use of real nappies and service provision across the UK. www.childcarelink.gov.uk: directs to local child information service for childcare provisions in local area www.ncma.org.uk: national childminding association helps find registered, Ofsted inspected childminders www.oneparentfamilies.org.uk: national council for one parent families www.pat.org.uk: professional association of nursery nurses – employing a nanny www.surestart.gov.uk: sure start children’s centres and the services they provide to parents www.gingerbread.org.uk: local support groups for lone parents www.lone-parents.org.uk: supporting single parents to return to work A literature search was carried out using Medline, Cinahl and embase using the following search terms: support in pregnancy, pregnancy and long term conditions, nurse role in support, pregnancy and disabilities, postnatal depression, postpartum depression, myasthenia and pregnancy. References: Barber, G., 2008. Supporting pregnant women with disabilities. Practice Nursing, 19, 7, pp. 330 – 334. Batocchi, A.P., Majolini, L., Evoli, A., Lino, M.M., Minisci, C., Tonali, P., 1999. Course and Treatment of myasthenia gravis during pregnancy. Neurology, 52, 3, pp. 447- 452. Briemberg, H. 2007. Neuromuscular diseases in pregnancy. Seminars in Neurology,Nov 27,5, pp. 460 – 466. Brugha, T.S., Wheatly, S., Taub, N.A., et al. 2000. Pragmatic randomised trial of antenatal intervention to prevent postnatal depression by reducing psychosocial risk factors. Psychological Medicine, 30, pp. 1273 – 1281. Ciafaloni, E., Massey, J.M., 2004. The Management of myasthenia gravis in pregnancy. Seminars in Neurology, 24, pp. 95 – 100. Horowitz, J.A., Goodman, J.H., 2005. Identifying and treating postpartum depression. Journal of Obstetric, Gynaecologic and Neonatal Nursing, 34, pp. 264 – 273. Jani-Acsadi, A., Lisak, R.P., 2010. Myasthenia Gravis. Current Treatment Options in Neurology, 12, pp. 231 – 243. Lumley, J., 2005. Attempts to prevent postnatal depression. British Medical Journal, 331, pp. 5 – 6. Mayo, A.M., Agocs-Scott, L.M., Khaghani, F., Moti, N., Voorhees, M., Gravell, C., Cuenca, E., 2010. Clinical Nurse Specialist Practice Patterns. Clinical Nurse Specialist, 24(2), pp. 60-68. Misri, S., Kostaras, X., Fox, D., et al. 2000. The impact of partner support in the treatment of postpartum depression. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 45, pp. 554 – 558. Muller, A.C., Hujcs, M., Dubendorf, P., Harrington, P.T., 2010. Clinical Nurse Specialist Practice and Magnet Designation. Clinical Nurse Specialist, 24(5), pp. 252-259. Pregnancy and Disability; RCN guidance for midwives and nurses. 2007. Royal College of Nurses: London. Roth, T.C., Raths, J., Carboni, G., Rosler, K., Schmid, R.A., 2006. Effect of pregnancy and birth on the course of myasthenia gravis before or after transsternal radial thymectomy. European Journal of Cardio-thoracic Surgery, 29, pp. 231 – 235. Stafford, I.P., Dildy, G.A., 2005. Myasthenia Gravis and Pregnancy. Clinical Obstetrics and Gynecology, 48,1, pp. 48 – 56 Thierry, J.M., 2006. The Importance of Preconception Care for Women with Disabilities. Maternal Child Health Journal, 10, pp. S175 -176. Williams Sax, T., Rosenbaum, R.B., 2006. Neuromuscular disorders in Pregnancy. Muscle Nerve, 34, 5, pp. 559 – 571. How to cite Study of the Support avaliable for women with myasthenia in pregnancy, Essay examples

Board Members Travel Policy for Magna International- myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theBoard Members Travel Policy for Magna International. Answer: This travel policy clarifies the established guidelines and procedures fortravelers who incur business travels and the allowable expenses on behalf of the company. Thispolicy concerns an international business tour of seven board of directors to the United States in 24 days. The reservations of the trip will be made through the Travel and Transport by the Magna International travel agent who is responsible for travel bookings at the company. Board members ought to comply with this travel policy if in any case reimbursement has to be done. Magna International project managers and supervisors have the responsibility of approving this policy and have the obligation of authorizing the travel and reviewing the expense invoices for compliance. Generic policies and guidelines for submission Every traveling individual is expected to fill the travel policy within 30 of the conclusion of the travel and submit it to the accounting department. The accounting department is responsible for approving the travel expenses for the travelers. Receipts are needed for all costs for the site visitors. While travelers ought to travel in economy class service unless otherwise, they are free to redeem their frequent flyer miles to upgrade to first class at their convenience(Kragita, 2016). However, it is illegal to travel on a flight that has a higher fare in the zeal to receive more frequent flyer. Every traveler will be entitled to a daily expenditure of $200 which is inclusive of breakfast, lunch, dinner. Food and beverage policy Snacks and beverages will not be reimbursed. Board members will be reimbursed for personal meals according to the actual cost of the meals. Air travel policies All air travels must lie under the economy class of service unless stated otherwise by the transport and travel manager. The board members are required to use the most economical and lowest logical air force available(Kauppi, 2015).Travelers will only be required to use the Business class only when the Economy class is completely sold out and in cases where there are no alternative flights that are available. Long haul flights are encouraged. Board members will be required to use the lowest nonstop airfares that are available at the time of flight unless advised otherwise by the travel and Transport counselor. Timely booking is encouraged to allow time for ticket billing into the accounts. Hotel policies Unless stated otherwise, a standard non-smoking room is automatically reserved for the travelers. The board members are advised to use negotiated or preferred rates whenever possible. For reasonable and actual hotel room costs, board members will be reimbursed. Depending on services required and received, hotel tips are reimbursable, however, confined to reasonable limits. Car rental policies Board members should opt for renting cars when driving is more cost and time effective as opposed to airline travel. The board members should rent vehicles in the category compact, midsize/intermediates. Before picking any rental car, the board members should inspect it and report any damage before accepting it. Board members should not accept a car until they prove that there are no damages and that the vehicle is in good working condition (Mazuu, 2016) and(Gustafson, 2014). They should also check whether the rental car agent has last-minute specials, promotional rates or free upgrades. Board members should give much priority to cars from agents who have offers or free updates. Other policy: Use of hotel telephone Board members will get a reimbursement of any Magna International related calls madefrom their hotel accommodation. Board members must avoid making calls that will have an added surcharge. Board members should find out both the local and the long distance rates. Information regarding added taxes to phone calls can be found in the hotel information that is usually located in the room(Richardson, 2015). To prevent additional charges on telephone calls, board members should, Use 1-700 for business calls where possible Use phone from local company offices where possible Use a cell phone, calling card or public phone where possible Distribution statement The accounting department has the responsibility of ensuring that the policies available to all the travelers, newly acquired employees, travel arrangers; account payable staff, andany other relevant persons. Travel arrangers will hold meetings with travelers before the actual traveling to ensure that the travelers are equipped with adequate knowledge on the use of the policy(Houston, 2016). Contact details will be given for further inquiries to enable the travelers to have enough understanding of the policy. Travelers must attend the planned training services to ensure that they are conversant with the travel policy. Not attending training meetings will be considered a breach of this policy. References Gustafson, P. (2014). Business travel from the travellers perspective. Stress, stimulation and normalization. Mobilities , 67 (4), 57-67. Houston, D. (2016). Fare's fair? Concessionary travel policy and social justice. Journal of Poverty and Social Justice , 34 (17), 54-60. Kauppi, K. (2015). Ensuring corporate travel compliance e Control vs. commitment strategies. Corporate Policy , 6 (34), 45-50. Kragita, S. (2016). Evaluating Business People on matrix. The Preference Experiment for Intercity Long Distance Coach Travel , 50 (7), 56-70. Mazuu, S. (2016). Getting Business People on the Coach. A Stated Preference Experiment for Intercity Long Distance Coach Travel , 45 (3), 47-55. Richardson, E. (2015). Zika Travel Policies May Reduce Women's Leadership in Global Health. Global Health: Science and Practice , 7 (45), 34-40.

Comunication free essay sample

April 2013 BCom Accounting 1st year Group members: * Guguletho Thwala 201305575 * Tsakani Siweya 201300869 * Chelsea Okesokun 201304976 * Sibusiso Mngomezulu 201306272 * Genilsa Angelica 2009075 * Fortunate Molawa 201303699 INDEX Page no: 1. Introduction (Angelica) 2. Body 3. 1. Land (Sibusiso) 3. 2. Labour (Chelsea) 3. 3. Capital (Tsakani) 3. 4. Entrepreneurs (Fortunate) 3. Conclusion (Gugulethu) 4. Glossary of terms 5. ARTICLE 1 6. ARTICLE 2 7. Bibliography INTRODUCTION Definition of Factors of Production An economic term to describe the inputs that are used in the production of goods or services in the attempt to make an economic profit. The factors of production include land, Labour, capital and entrepreneurship. This assignment aims to discuss the different factors of production used by a specific company by giving a practical example of each. Explaining Factors of Production In essence, land, labour, capital and entrepreneurship encompass all of the inputs needed to produce a good or service. Land represents all natural resources, such as timber and gold, used in the production of a good. Labour is all of the work that labourers and workers perform at all levels of an organization, except for the entrepreneur. We will write a custom essay sample on Comunication or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The capital is all of the tools and machinery used to produce a good or service. The entrepreneur is the individual who takes an idea and attempts to make an economic profit from it by combining all other factors of production. The entrepreneur also takes on all of the risks and rewards of the business. On this research we will be focussing at Albany Bakeries in South Africa, how the firm as made and still use of these factors of production over the years. Albany Bakeries is an South African bakery and subsidiary of Tiger Brands, which markets food products such as cooking oils, sauces, bread, candy, ice cream, mustard and ready meals. 1 LAND /Natural resources (Sometimes called land) : its reward its Rent Land consists of all the gifts of nature. They include minerals deposits, water, arable land, vegetation, natural forestry etc†¦ but once they are used up, they can never be replaced. The availability cannot be increased if we want more of them. But it is however sometimes possible to exploit more of the available resources. For example, new mineral deposits are still being discovered and exploited every year. Every business uses some physical space, though for example, a bank or small home-based business uses much less land than an agricultural business growing sugar. The word â€Å"rent† is used to describe the earnings from land as a factor of production. Land and natural resources are in limited supply. Albany Bakeries need space to work and some bakeries grow their own wheat and produce their own bread. Albany Bakeries consist of a chain of 13 regional production sites that supply supermarkets across South Africa with bread and other baked goods such as rolls, buns and baps (they need land to own or rent out) and they need farms to harvest the wheat and produce flour or they can buy it (all part of natural resources). LABOUR CAPITAL ENTREPRENEUR Entrepreneurs are those individuals who discover market needs and launch new firms to meet those needs. Entrepreneurship has to do with creating and building something of value from practically nothing in the midst of uncertainty and risk, and having determination to succeed against all odds. Entrepreneurship plays a role in helping both developed and developing countries to grow. Albany breads are the most popular bread in South Africa owned by the Tiger group, which uses a BEE strategy and is owned by black partners and the Brimstone Investment Corporation. It also aims to sell a 10% stake in the company (which is worth about R2,8 billion) to black participants. Albany’ s major competitors are Sasko and Blue ribbon 2 3 CONCLUSION In Albany bakery the four factors of production plays an important role in the production of goods and services, Sometime one can play a role with all four factors of production and rewarded accordingly as quotes illustrate * â€Å" The company pays me rent for using two rooms in my house as office space† Land * â€Å"As manager I get my monthly salary from the company Labour * â€Å"I get interest from company as I gave them loan when they started the company† Capital â€Å"As shareholder in the company I must make sure that profits are made so that I can be happy at the end of the year† Entrepreneurship Based on the information that has been discussed above about the four factors of production in Albany bakery, today it offers the most comprehensive range of breads in South Africa. The is a range for every family, and something for every individual’s tastes, and Albany invites e veryone including you to†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦FEEL THE FRESHNESS!!!! 4 Glossary of terms Routing- delivery according to scheduled sequence Bibliography 1. Entrepreneurship A South African Perspective, 2nd edition(2004) by Gideon Niema amp; Cecile Nieuwenhuizen 2. Introduction to business management Fresh perspectives, Stephne Botha and Sandra Musengi, 1st published 2012 3. www. alpacocatequip. co. za/Bakery-equipment 4. The Baker volume 14 number 5, Bread production – what goes on behind the scenes 5. Oxford Advanced Learners dictionary, 6th edition 6. Website: Albany Bakeries

Harm Principle

John Stuart Mill an English philosopher promotes the idea of an individual’s liberty. The individual right’s liberty main concept is the harm principle. The harm principle promotes individuals rights. It states that the society can only exercise power rightfully over an individual if his or her actions cause harm to others.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Harm Principle specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Mill used the utilitarianism source that a right action should bring most good. Thus, according to the principle, an individual has the right to do whatever he or she wills unless the action brings harm to others and that is the only time power should be used to prevent an individual from exercising their will. If an individual’s action does not harm others, it brings most good, and it is therefore permissible. The harm principle holds the opinion that an individual is sovereign over his mind a nd body. Mill strongly believed that an individual has a right over the majority rule (Mill, 2010). The harm principle posits that an individual has liberty and the liberty extends to authority above the society. According to the principle, individuals can think whatever they like because they have the freedom. The society should not interfere with that freedom even if it differs from what the majority thinks. That individual has the right to hold a contrary opinion from the society. Moreover, individuals should have the right to their own tastes, interests, and religion. The interests and tastes do not have to conform to the society’s moral beliefs as long as the individual does not harm others in the pursuit. An individual can do as he or she wills, and the society should not try to stop them even if the interests are immoral according to the society’s beliefs (Mill, 2010). On the contrary, the harm principle only concerns about preventing an individual from doing ha rm to others and leaves an individual vulnerable to self. The vulnerability to self occurs, and Mill says power should not be exercised over an individual because even it if is for the individual’s own good in moral or physical terms it is not a sufficient reason to interfere with his or her choices. An individual cannot be compelled to act in a particular way because it will bring him happiness or even if it were the wise and right thing in the eyes of other people. Thus, if an individual’s action does not concern others and harms an individual he should be allowed the absolute right to do it because he or she has independence. It means that some actions even though harmful cannot be prohibited, and one can only try to advise an individual from committing harmful actions to self (Mill, 2010).Advertising Looking for essay on philosophy? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More According to the principle, the society shoul d accommodate individuals by allowing them the freedom to exercise their sovereignty. Mill came up with the harm principle so that the divergent views that individuals hold in the society cannot be accepted or rejected based on other people’s liking or disliking as that would be an oppression to an individual. The society is supposed to be free and not impose rules or restrictions to an individual because it opposes an individual’s acts. Doing so by the society would mean that the majority rule has power over an individual hence deny the very essence of a human being the basic human right of freedom. Moreover, by allowing individuals to do whatever they will so long as they do others the society would have fewer rules and concentrate on citizens’ well being. Therefore, the society would use fewer resources, time, and energy in enacting laws, policing and punishing people to control them. The harm principle protects minority rights. The fact that the principle is against making majority rule superior to an individual’s liberty means that the majority do not have to impose their will on the minority. The minority in terms of race, class, gender, sexual or religious orientation have a right to control their lives and make own choices. The powerful majority should not control the minority by trying to impose their opinions on them. The opinions of the majority may be incorrect for the minority and thus cause them harm. Hence, the harm principle protects the minority against the tyranny of the majority and the minority could mean only one individual even so the majority should not control them (Mill, 2010). On the other hand, the harm principle restricts people from causing harm to others and thus it acts as a restraint. It therefore means that the society has a right to punish people whose actions bring harm to others. The definition of harm in this case would be difficult to establish because what is harmful to one individual maybe all right with another. The society should deal with the divergent views of the members to ensure that they live together without one oppressing the other. An attempt to deal with the definition of harm because of its malleability by different interpreters ought to be made. The differences in interpretation of harm could lead to interference with most of an individual’s actions for example, if harm is defined as an offence, mental distress or annoyance. In another instance, a different definition of harm such a physical damage would make most actions permissible. The difficulty in defining what constitutes harm could bring â€Å"a doubt about the capacity of the harm principle to survive its own inflation† (Vernon, 2009, p. 4).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Harm Principle specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The doubts that may arise in the harm principle can undermine the vision that Mill had about lib erty. Critics urge that definition of harm cannot be restricted to a single context because and principle but should encompass a whole. They say that merely trying to differentiate harm from nonharm would not be sufficient because some harms need not to be prohibited and some non-harmful acts need prohibition. Mill saw the challenge that definition of harm posed, and he urged that the harm principle should operate within the principle of fairness (Vernon, 2009). Finally, the harm principle is important in promoting liberty in the society. It also promotes individuals rights and gives freedom in terms of choice of religion, action, expression, and organizations to belong to among others. The individual can exercise those rights regardless of what the society may think as long as no harm is done unto others. Preventing the society from exercising its power over individuals as long as they cause no harm to others allows expression of freedom and a free society from oppression. The righ ts of the minority in such a society are protected hence their basic freedoms as human beings observed as they are allowed to rule over their own bodies that Mills says they have sovereign. There are debates and criticisms over the definition of harm because it can be ambiguous to different. Nevertheless, Mill promotes an Individual’s liberty with the harm principle and in a civilized society; hence its importance cannot be overstated. Reference List Mill, J.S. (2010). Utilitarianism. Boston: MobileReference. Vernon, R. (2009). Is there a global harmful principle? Critical Review of International  Social and Political Philosophy, 12 (1), 1-18.Advertising Looking for essay on philosophy? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This essay on Harm Principle was written and submitted by user Emmett Hewitt to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.